Signifies newly-added items.

1. "Part-Time Faculty Are Here to Stay."   Planning for Higher Education (27)3: 3240.
   Pamela Bach argues for the integration of PT faculty into the culture of the school because "these faculty members are not short-term casual labor." She recommends not only that an organization be created by PT to communicate with admininstration, but also that consistent hiring policies, more half-time contracts, and inclusion in all department meetings, minutes, social events be implemented. Office space, peer evaluation, and opportunities to attend conferences and do academic research must also be part of this inclusion.

2. "Piecework to Parity: Part-timers in Action."  The NEA Higher Education Journal.
   Karen Thompson, leader of the PT faculty at Rutgers University, reviews organizing efforts now almost 10 years old and comments that PT faculty still earn less than mininmum wage for hours expended.

   "Economically, the employment of part-timers in academia has become a fund-raising engine. Any balancing of the tuition income from a parttimer's classes against the total of a parttimer's paycheck shows a consistently large surplus for the institution." Gender issues also remain: those who piece together a living from PT work are generally female; those who teach in addition to FT jobs are usually male.

   To form their bargaining group, which took 3 years, PT formed alliances with students and with FT faculty.

3. "Universities Should Cease Hostilities with Unions."   The Chronicle of Higher Education.
   Co-authors Kate Bronfenbrenner, Director of Labor Education Research at Cornell U. and Tom Juravich, Director of Labor Relations & Research Center, UMAssAmherst argue that if "graduate students have become the lowcost utility players in the new commercial university,along with armies of adjunct instructors," then administrations which do not question the right of support staff to unionize can not question the same right for faculty who are used as "cheap labor," rather than potential tenured members of the school.

4. "Part-Time Faculty Members Try to Organize Nationally."   The Chronicle of Higher Education.
   Courtney Leatherman reviews nationwide efforts to improve working conditions for PT faculty.

   COCAL (Coalition of Contingent Academic Labor) began in Washington, D.C. in 1996, then met again in New York in 1998, and "really took off" in Boston in 1999 when PT at UMASS-Boston successfully negotiated for $4000 per course minimum and health benefits.

   The San Jose meeting in January 2001 was a "turning point" because PT are no longer just complaining but acting. "National Equity Week" is planned for Fall 2001.

5. "Letters to the Editor."   The Chronicle Review.
   In a response to the AHA survey reported in the 12/1/00 issue of The Chronicle of Higher Education, Ingrid Hughes of Manhattan Community College (CUNY) reports that the union of FT and PT faculty and staff members at CUNY is fighting for a contract that pays adjuncts on the basis of parity with FT of the same rank as a way of "discouraging the university. . .from replacing FT with adjuncts." The union is also asking for a tenurelike security for adjuncts who have taught at CUNY for 5 or more years.

6. "Survey Finds PT/Adjunct Faculty Have Inferior Work Conditions."   The Council Chronicle (NCTE).
   Peggy Harris comments that one of the most surprising findings of the AHA survey was that PhD granting institutions were "just as likely as community colleges to use [contingent] faculty" to teach English or foreign languages.

7. "Slash and Burn."   Counseling Today.
   Laurie Hayes reports that, until recently, colleges and universities who rely heavily on PT faculty to teach core courses has been the "dirty little secret" of higher education. She cites Richard Moser of the AAUP who asks "what lessons are being taught to aspiring young academics when they realize that all of their foundation courses, their introduction to [a] discipline, are being given by people who earn less than they did at their summer jobs?" When advising high school graduates, counselors should consider that "from a consumer's point of view, [students] are not getting what they paid for."

8. "Part-time Faculty Members Try to Organize Nationally" by Courtney Leatherman
   Chronicle of Higher Education, 1/26/01

9. "Part-time Justice" by John McCallum
   College of DuPage Courier, 10/20/00
   A well-written editorial, reproduced here.

10. "Part-Time Teaching" in "Voice of the People",
    Chicago Tribune, 3/14/00.
    Christopher Thale ( Columbia College ) explains how HB 2581 would restore rights to PT faculty in public colleges.

11. "Part-Time Teachers: The AHA Survey"
    Chronicle of Higher Education, 4/12/00
    Robert Townsend reviews the American Historical Association's survey ( whose results parallel CODAA's 1998 survey results )

12. "Grade Inflation" in "Voice of the People",
    Chicago Tribune, 5/3/00.
    Tom Tipton ( COD ) suggests that PT faculty, though competent, are more vulnerable to student evaluations. Both students and administration benefit from overuse of PT faculty.

13. "The Full-Time Stress of Part-Time Professors"
    Newsweek, 5/15/00, p. 10 by Michele Scarff. Title is self-explanatory.

14. "Independence and Coalition Building in California Part-Time Faculty Organize To End the Exploitation"
    Teaching English in the Two-Year College, Spring '00.
    The California Part-Time Faculty Association ( CPFA ) is now a state-wide reality.

15. "Adjunct Faculty Compensation Study",
    Adjunct Advocate, November / December 1999 and at www.adjunctadvocate.com .
    This admittedly unscientific survey by Warren Mosby compares adjunct salaries nationwide, from highest to lowest. In Illinois, the lowest pay is $ 330 per contact hour. The highest is $ 630, and the midpoint is $ 480. COD's step seven is currently $ 406.

16. "Colleges Continue to Hire More Part-Time Faculty Members, Government Study Finds"
    Chronicle of Higher Education", 1/19/00

17. "NCTE / CCCC to Participate in a Survey of Adjunct Faculty Working Conditions"
    The Council Chronicle ( NCTE ), 2/00

18. "In Washington State, Part-Timers Win a Battle Over the Calculation of Pensions"
    Chronicle of Higher Education 2/7/00

19. "Road Scholar" by Barbara Croft
    Ms. , February / March 2000

20. American Historical Association, et. al.
    "Statement from the Conference on the Growing Use of Part Time  and Adjunct faculty." September 1997.
    www.ncte.org/positions/pt.html

21. Daily Herald
    "Colleges Take Economics Courses with Teachers,"
    December 16, 1997:1.

22. Gappa, J. M., and Leslie, D. W.
    "The Invisible Faculty: Improving the Status of Part Timers in Higher Education"
    San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 1993

23. Nelson, Cary (Ed,).
    "Will Teach for Food: Academic Labor in Crisis." Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1997.

24. Schell, Eileen E.
    "Gypsy Academics and Mother-Teacher: Gender, Contingent Labor, and Writing Instruction"
    (Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook 1998)

25. Wilson, Robin
    "Georgia State U. Cuts Some Part-Time Positions to Add 65 Full-Time Faculty Jobs"
    ( The Chronicle of Higher Education June 11^th, 1999 Vol. XLV, #4 P.18A )

26. "Adjunct Faculty: A Buyer's Market" by Roark Atkinson, Organization of American Historians
    http://www.indiana.edu/~oah/nl/adjunct1196.html

27. "The Vanishing Professor",
    American Federation of Teachers' article on adjunct faculty
    http://www.aft.org/higher_ed/reports/professor/index.html